How to Draw a Half Circle in Python Turtle TUTORIAL

Introduction

Turtle graphics was part of the original Logo programming language developed by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966 to teach students to code.

You can use the CS50 Sandbox with the X Window option to apply Turtle Graphics.

Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an import turtle, give information technology the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as information technology moves. Requite information technology the command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise.

Past combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and pictures can exist drawn. Here's an example:

Circles with dissimilar colors

The first step in using Python'south turtle graphics organisation is to import the turtle module. Let'south try using turtle in Python'due south interactive style.

Python 3.7.ane ( default , Feb 20 2019 , 02 : 45 : 44 )

Type "help" , "copyright" , "credits" or "license" for more than information .

Turtle Commands

Move the turtle forward past the specified distance , in the direction the turtle is headed.

turtle.astern( distance )

Motility the turtle backward past altitude , opposite to the direction the turtle is headed.

Motility turtle to the origin – coordinates (0,0) – and set its heading to its start-orientation.

Pull the pen upward – no drawing when moving.

Pull the pen downwards – drawing when moving.

turtle.pencolor( colorstring )

Set pencolor to colorstring , which is a Tk color specification cord, such as "red", "yellow" etc.

Describe a circle with given radius .

Sets the turtle shape to turtle.

Undo (repeatedly) the concluding turtle action(s)

Erases all drawings that currently appear in the graphics window.

Show Turtle

The Python turtle is initially position in the eye of the graphics window. To display the turtle in the window, you tin can utilise the turtle.showturtle() command, to hibernate the turtle, you can use the turtle.hideturtle() command.

The Python turtle is initially positioned in the center of the graphics window. The arrowhead shows the direction that the turtle is currently facing. The default heading is 0 caste.

Result of the turtle.showturtle() command

Shapes

The turtle.shapes control sets the turtle shape to one of these shapes: "pointer", "turtle", "circumvolve", "square", "triangle", and "classic".

>>> turtle . shape ( "turtle" )

Result of the turtle.shape("turtle") command

Forward and Backward

The turtle.forward( distance ) or turtle.fw( distance ) and turtle.backward( distance ) or turtle.bk( distance ) moves the turtle forward or backward by the specified distance , in the direction the turtle is headed.

Issue of the turtle.frontward(100) command

Turning

You tin can turn the turtle to face up a unlike direction past using either the turtle.right(angle) or turtle.left(angle) command.

Result of the turtle.right(90) command

These are the angles in a Cartesian or x-y plane.

Pen Upwardly and Down

The turtle.penup() command pulls the pen upwardly and then there volition be no cartoon when the pen moves. The turtle.pendown() command pulls the pen down.

Drawing Circles

The turtle.circle(radius) control makes the turtle depict a circle with a radius you specify. For example.

Upshot of the turtle.circle(100) command

Cartoon Dots

The turtle.dot( size , color ) command draws simple dots.

>>> turtle . dot ( 100 , "red" )

Result of the turtle.dot(100, "red") control

Changing the Pen Size

Yous can utilise the turtle.pensize( width ) command to change the width of the turtle's pen, in pixels.

Changing the Drawing Colour

You can utilize the turtle.pencolor( colour ) command to change the turtle's drawing color. The colour statement is the name of a color, as a string.

>>> turtle . pencolor ( 'red' )

Irresolute the Groundwork Color

You can use the turtle.bgcolor( color ) to modify the background color of the turtle's graphics window. The colour argument is the name of a colour, as a string.

>>> turtle . bgcolor ( 'light-green' )

Moving the Turtle to a Specific Location.

The pixel in the middle of the graphics window is at the position (0,0)

You can employ the turtle.goto( 10, y ) command to move the turtle from its electric current location to a specific position in the graphics window.

If the turtle'due south pen is downward, a line will be drawn every bit the turtle moves.

Getting the Turtle's Current Position

Yous can use the turtle.pos() command to display the turtle's current position.

Displaying Text in the Graphics Window

Yous can utilise the turtle.write( text ) command to brandish text in the graphics window.

>>> turtle . write ( "Hello, Earth!" )

Result of the turtle.write("Hullo, Earth!") command

Resetting the Screen

  • The turtle.reset() command erases all drawings that currently appear in the graphics window, resets the cartoon color to blackness and resets the turtle to its original position at the middle of the screen.

  • The turtle.clear() control erases all drawings that currently appear in the graphics window.

  • The turtle.clearscreen() command erases all drawings that currently announced in the graphics window.

Undo

The turtle.disengage() command undoes the previous control.

Reference

Python 3's Turtle Graphics Reference Page

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How to Draw a Half Circle in Python Turtle TUTORIAL

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